In recent years, with the gradual improvement of people’s living standards, people’s tastes and pursuits are also constantly improving, and the demand for flower products has increased significantly. The main function of flowers is as a gift, so its consumption season is generally in various holidays, such as Valentine’s Day, Christmas and so on. There is also the demand of the municipal government to beautify and decorate the city. The growing demand for flowers has stimulated the rapid development of the flower industry.
Modern flowers are mainly grown in greenhouses, and the lighting environment is an important factor affecting the yield and quality of flowers. Different flowers require different lighting environments, and different lighting environments are required at different growth stages. Reasonable control of the lighting environment is an important condition to ensure high-quality flower production.
First，effects of light intensity on flower growth and development
When the light intensity increases, the plant grows faster, promotes the organ differentiation of the plant, restricts the growth and development speed of the organ, and shortens and thickens the internodes of the plant. Improve the degree of lignification, improve root growth, form root-to-shoot ratio, promote the formation of anthocyanins, and make flowers brighter.
According to the requirements of flowers on light intensity, they are divided into 4 categories:
(1) Positive flowers: flowers that can grow and develop and bloom in conditions of sufficient sunlight. Such as rose, lotus.
(2) Neutral flowers: flowers that need direct sunlight in spring, autumn and winter, and those that need shade in summer. Such as hibiscus, cactus and so on.
(3) Negative flowers: flowers that need shade cultivation in the north from May to October, and flowers that need shade cultivation throughout the year in the south. Such as begonia, evergreen and so on.
(4) Strong negative flowers: flowers that need to be cultivated with shade throughout the year in both the north and the south. Such as ferns, calla lilies, arrowroot, green dill, Sansevieria, Malabar chestnut, duck toe grass and so on. According to the growth characteristics of different types of flowers, the growth of flowers is controlled by controlling the light intensity of LED plant growth lights. Increase the light intensity of positive flowers and reduce the light intensity of negative flowers. The same type of flowers are combined together, and the control of LED plant lights is reasonably used, so as to increase production and high quality.
Second, effects of light quality on flower growth and development
Light quality is one of the conditions that affect plant photosynthesis. Light quality will affect the absorption of light by chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, thereby affecting the photoreaction stage of photosynthesis. Light quality can also be viewed as the wavelength of light.
Different light has different effects on the growth and development of flowers. Red light promotes the growth, germination, flowering and fruiting of plants, while blue, blue, and purple light can inhibit the elongation of plants and make plants dwarf, which is beneficial to control the formation of plant pigments such as anthocyanins. Ultraviolet rays can also inhibit the elongation of stems and promote the formation of anthocyanins, and it also has the effect of sterilizing and inhibiting the spread of plant diseases and insect pests. In the different growth stages of flowers, by controlling the LED plant lights, the ratio of light is reasonably used, so as to achieve high yield and high quality.
